The U.K. Is Banning Gas Boilers by 2035, but Are Heat Pumps Really the Answer?

Heat pumps are being hailed as the solution to the U.K.’s decarbonising its homes by 2035 when a ban on the sale of new gas boilers kicks in. But their expense, noise, high costs and installation challenges are just some of the hurdles they need to overcome if they are to meet the Government’s ambitious targets. The BBC has more.

The way we heat our homes is changing.

As the world moves away from fossil fuels, we will be saying goodbye to our gas fires and boilers – and instead electrifying the heating systems in our homes.

Extinguishing the fires in our homes is a big change, human beings evolved around the comfort of a campfire.

So, what will this mean for you – and the systems that deliver the energy we depend upon?

In just 12 years’ time you won’t be able to buy a gas boiler any more.

The Government has ordered that sales of new ones will be banned from 2035.

Heating our homes accounts for as much as 16% of the U.K.’s planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions.

Greenhouse gas emissions by sector

The front-runner in the race to replace our boilers is undoubtedly the heat pump.

There is a very simple reason why – they are extraordinarily efficient.

They cost more than gas boilers, but for every unit of energy you put in, you get up to three units of heat out.

Sounds like a no-brainer, doesn’t it?

Unfortunately, it is not quite as simple as that.

Heat pumps produce hot water at lower temperatures than gas boilers.

That means to get the heat into your home, it is a good idea to have bigger radiators.

And you will keep more of the heat in if your home is well-insulated and has double glazing. But doing that additional work can massively add to your costs.

Typically it costs £10,000 to buy and install a heat pump.

And there is another issue.

Unit for unit, electricity typically costs three times as much as gas.

That means even though your new heat pump is three times as efficient as your gas boiler it costs about the same to run.

There’s a £5,000 grant to help householders with the costs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Scotland is more generous, it offers £7,500.

But critics say that is not enough and that people need more help if the Government is going to get anywhere near its target of 600,000 new heat pump installations every year by 2028.

At the moment it is way below that.

There were just 60,000 heat pumps installed in the U.K. last year, making it one of the slowest adopters of this new technology in Europe.

At current rates of installation, it will take more than 400 years before every British home has a heat pump.

So far fewer than 12,000 grants have been cashed – perhaps because it only covers the cost of the pump itself, and not the installation.

And even if households are able to pay, there is another barrier to hitting the Government’s heat pump targets.

The U.K. only has 4,000 trained heat-pump installers – it is estimated we will need 33,000 by 2028.

Air source heat pump experts install a heat pump unit into a 1930s built house in Folkestone, UK

There are other electric heating systems – immersion boilers, electric fires, fan heaters and infra-red radiators, for example – but none of these is as efficient as heat pumps.

An alternative could be hydrogen-powered boilers.

They are just like your existing gas boiler – so no need for a new set of radiators – except that they burn hydrogen instead of natural gas.

But using hydrogen has its problems – for a start, where would it all come from?

Most of the readily available hydrogen is locked up in the water of our oceans.

The cleanest and greenest way to produce it would be to use electricity, through a process called electrolysis – but most of the time it would be more efficient just to use that electricity to heat our homes with heat pumps.

We could produce hydrogen from the natural gas we currently use, but we would then have to find a way to stop all the carbon dioxide (CO2) the process produces from going into the atmosphere.

The CO2 could be captured and pumped underground – but that is expensive and has never been done at scale before.

Hydrogen storage

What is more, hydrogen boilers have not proved popular with the public.

trial scheme in Ellesmere Port has just been cancelled after residents refused to have new boilers installed in their homes.

Whatever choices we make about how we heat our homes in future one thing is certain, we are going to need a lot more electricity.

And it all needs to be green.

Worth reading in full.

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DomH75
2 years ago

The way the BBC write stuff: it’s like a teacher talking to a vaguely retarded three-year-old!

WyrdWoman
2 years ago
Reply to  DomH75

ChatGPT perhaps, certainly has the right propagandist tone.

Roy Everett
2 years ago
Reply to  WyrdWoman

Perhaps ChatGPT is the modern equivalent of NLP (Neurolinguistic Programming) a decade or two ago. Under NLP, the workforce were “guided” to first accepting and then using vocabulary, sentential structure, paragraph and overall patterns which made the reader “feel” comfortable with the message (usually uncomfortable and typically approved by Common Purpose) being conveyed. In the workplace, it was usually introduced top-down, with senior managers being “trained” first, and with the middle and junior staff being coerced or tricked or trained into adopting the practice and reinforcing “the message”. Perhaps ChatGPT will go the same was as NLP, once the severe cognitive dissonance experienced by clued-up, sceptical NLP-staff staff (if any remain in post) becomes an embarrassment.

Roy Everett
2 years ago
Reply to  DomH75

I disagree! It’s like a skilled government nudge author writing to an easily nudged populace, or a hypnotist talking to a vaguely suggestible audience member. “As the world moves away from fossil fuels” is an adverbial clause which tends to make the target uneasy if they did not think that the world was thus moving. Rather than think, “wait a moment” the target sooths the uneasiness by temporarily “letting the glitch ride” and the brain moves on to the main subject of the sentence. Repeated use of this hypnotherapeutic device gradually causes the target (patient? sheep?) to come to accept the subordinate clause as reality (“the world is moving away from fossil fuels”), even if the rational brain is fully away that the assertion is ludicrous (unless you exclude China, India, Africa and South America from “the world”. In a peer-group setting (e.g. a university lecture or seminar) the target will feel intense unease and cognitive dissonance if they overtly or implicitly disagree with or even challenge the viewpoint embedded in the initial subordinate clause, and is likely to be seduced into accepting the rest of the sentence, paragraph, lecture, article or BBC programme as settled reality. Job done! However,… Read more »

transmissionofflame
2 years ago
Reply to  Roy Everett
  • As the world moves away from fossil fuels” is an adverbial clause which tends to make the target uneasy if they did not think that the world was thus moving. 

Very good point. A bit like “during/because of/after the pandemic….”

Roy Everett
2 years ago

I quietly adopt “nudge” tactics myself and politely correct people who say “due to the pandemic”: it should be “due to the Lockdown”.

transmissionofflame
2 years ago
Reply to  Roy Everett

It’s fundamental. The whole pandemic thing is a mass delusion and until it is seen as such we’re in deep trouble.

huxleypiggles
2 years ago
Reply to  Roy Everett

Strictly speaking the phrase should be “owing to the pandemic / lockdown.”

…”due to” refers to time.

A Y M
2 years ago
Reply to  Roy Everett

Everything based on the twin lies that CO2 is a driver of climate change and that Climate change is an impending threat.

You are good children because you unquestioningly hold these lies as truths.

”We” the state, and the states mouth piece, will be following these policies because we all agree we must.

Coordinated Group think.

varmint
2 years ago
Reply to  A Y M

Correcton ———-Coordinated evidence free groupthink.

NeilParkin
2 years ago

…or we could just stick with the best and most efficient technology, gas. Its beyond clear that there is no emergency and the rush to implement poor solutions regardless of the market interest, or the maturity of the technology, or the suitability in a wide range of properties is just bureaucratic hubris. As soon as you accept that there is no emergency, there is no need to rush towards solutions that are worse than the (imagined) problem they are intending to fix.

soundofreason
soundofreason
2 years ago

Whatever choices we make about how we heat our homes in future one thing is certain, we are going to need a lot more electricity.

And it all needs to be green.

If we accept this as true (I don’t), then get on with it and build a few more of the nuclear power stations we’re going to need. Stop pratting about and get a grip.

JohnK
2 years ago

I guess it depends. It may depend on the compatibility with the original design, e.g. If heat pumps cannot deliver a high enough water temperature, that could be an example of incompatibility. The whole system should be taken in the round, not just trying to replace a boiler.

Although many houses do use hot water radiator heating, years ago quite a few had gas fired warm air heating. It’s not clear what will happen to those. Most of the ones I came across in the 1980s were timber frame houses. Then again, there are those like me that have no boilers, but use some “night rate” electric heating, sometimes assisted by a gas fire on cold days.

At the end of the day, it will no doubt change the design of new house setups, but trying to impose it on existing ones might not be good value.

Incidentally, using hydrogen as a method of transmission (its not a fuel) does not look good when it comes to thermal efficiency, even when made by electrolysis. Better off using the electric power directly, rather than going through the manufacturing/distribution process.

MTF
MTF
2 years ago
Reply to  JohnK

Then again, there are those like me that have no boilers, but use some “night rate” electric heating,

If you rely primarily on electric you can save a staggering amount of electricity by going for air-to-air heat pumps (aka as air conditioning) independent of any environmental considerations.

Marcus Aurelius knew
2 years ago
Reply to  MTF

Or move to warmer latitudes

transmissionofflame
2 years ago

Join Greta in Africa where she will surely be moving soon, along with all the other eco loons, given that the average African has a much lower energy requirement than the average European – warmer weather, less developed country that apparently people think are not as nice to live in as Europe…

George L
2 years ago
Reply to  MTF

Sorry to be rude MTF.. but you don’t arf talk some tripe on occasions. This being one of them..

varmint
2 years ago
Reply to  MTF

Yes but there are 23 million gas boilers in the UK. The best central heating we ever had. It is taking about 30 billion quid just to try to put little smart meters in peoples houses. Imagine the astronomical cost and clutter of ripping out boilers and radiators, lifting carpets and redecorating walls etc then sticking in a heat pump at huge expense. And government want it all to be done in a big hurry like there was no tomorrow. The UK is a small country and even Tony Blair who gave us the Climate Change Act in 2008, has this week said that whatever we do here in the UK will not affect global climate. And the Minitser for Net Zero (Schapps) was asked recently if heat pumps are any good? His reply was “I don’t know” ——WHAT?——–So why do it? Because it isn’t really about the climate.

WyrdWoman
2 years ago

A friend of mine rents a 3 year old house with a heat pump. It’s noisy, smelly, leaky, constantly needing attention and completely incapable of heating a small, heavily insulated & double glazed south-facing 2 bed semi in the winter. Her fuel bills are DOUBLE mine and I live in an old stone house twice the size which is partially below ground level, heavily shaded and built directly onto rock – so it’s cold. But I have (extremely efficient) gas CH and woodburners. No contest.

Marcus Aurelius knew
2 years ago
Reply to  WyrdWoman

You sound like one of those anti-science conspiracy nutjobs the BBC has warned me about.

Sounds like we need government to make your choice of heating much more expensive than your friend’s choice. That’ll teach ya.

WyrdWoman
2 years ago

Guilty as charged on the first point 😁

Almost there on the second – they’ll have to ban camping stoves, BBQs, rocket stoves and wood foraging first…🔥

George L
2 years ago
Reply to  WyrdWoman

Me too.. 200 year old stone house.. cool in the summer and warm in the winter with just a woodburner for heating.. Very comfortable indeed..

stewart
2 years ago

The Government has ordered…

There seems to be a lot of this these days.

I’m so glad I live in a democracy where I get to chose which of two people get to order me around.

Wouldn’t it be horrible to live in a dictatorship?

JayBee
2 years ago

A bit too rose-tinted and omitting the many things that are wrong with heat pumps, see Scot bizman article here and its comments yesterday.
I agree in principle with those who think that the state really as no right to mandate such stuff, that man-made climate change and its ‘solitions’ are solely a racket, and that the state has a crazy energy generation policy, which it should sort out indeed- that’s its task here.
But as that is probably unrealistic, here is the simple compromise and solution for the real world:
Promote them in new-builds, if you still can’t help yourself.
Fingers off ANY such regulation for existing homes.

George L
2 years ago

The U.K. Is Banning Gas Boilers by 2035, but Are Heat Pumps Really the Answer?
The answer to what.. downright lies about CO2.. NO NO NO!!!!

CO2 FAMINE.jpg
EppingBlogger
2 years ago

I doubt you get out three times as much energy as you put in. Taking account of losses during generation and transmission of electricity I suggest the ratio is less favourable.

most significantly, however, is they produce most heat when the air is warm and least when it is cold. Below [I can’t remember the figure] they produce no additional energy at all.

Steve-Devon
2 years ago

AS far as I am aware wood pellet boilers and wood-burners with back-boilers are still considered to be in the eco camp? I think many in the eco lobby would be a bit sniffy about wood burning but then the UK does have a massive wood-burning eco power station. Certainly we are thinking about getting a wood pellet boiler if we cannot continue with our oil boiler.

BurlingtonBertie
2 years ago
Reply to  Steve-Devon

Wood burners with back boilers have been phased out as no longer being compliant with the latest ECO standards…. I know – really stupid. You can still get some cookstove ranges which heat hot water but can no longer buy ones which also provide central heating.

zebedee
zebedee
2 years ago

There are other electric heating systems – immersion boilers, electric fires, fan heaters and infra-red radiators

Been a while since I saw microwave panels mentioned for directly heating people rather than heating space. Must admit I don’t fancy the idea.

For a fist full of roubles
Reply to  zebedee

At the risk of waking up the 5G alarmists, maybe 5G is the way do do it!

Brett_McS
2 years ago

The reason for the push to electric and away from gas, is that electric appliances can be fitted with “smart meters” and controlled remotely.

7941MHKB
7941MHKB
2 years ago

Obviously, whilst heat pumps may be effective for brand new millionaire’s “sustainable” mansions, they are a very bad joke for 95% of British householders.

But it may be of interest to point out that another genius Guvmint scheme is coming off the rails.

There is apparently a Government outfit called the “Infrastructure and Projects Authority” whose remit is to check on the exciting progress of all our Beloved Leaders’ wizard boondoggles.

This year’s report, just published, points out that our old chum, HS2 is, in their considred view, “unachievable”, even for the initial stages. They give the current situation the bottom of the class “red-alert” warning.

Commenting on this, the rail trade paper “RailTech” opines that this isn’t much of a surprise and points out that the scheme has now cost the UK more than World War Ii.

My Flabber is quite Ghasted.
No notion of knocking the scheme in the head. Off to the buffers. Pedal to the Metal.

I wonder if someone, anyone, might be held to account? Don’t hold breath.

I guess perhaps in another decade it will be brushed away by agreeing that, whilst unfortunate, “Lessons will be Learned”.

I bet.

For a fist full of roubles
Reply to  7941MHKB

It is only bad news when it is cold, but then we are told the world is warming so time will provide a solution. The green fanatics have never been any good at marketing an idea; they prefer to be bossy.

Matt Dalby
Matt Dalby
2 years ago

I live in a block of flats. What happens if/when someone living above me has their boiler fail? Are they going to have to gut my flat to install all the pipework for a heat pump? Where’s the heat exchanger going to go? Where am I going to stay when this work is being done? There’s a millions of people in a similar situation, has anyone thought about us? Obvious answer, of course not!

Matt Dalby
Matt Dalby
2 years ago
Reply to  Matt Dalby

I’ll add that if anyone wants to disrupt my life in order to install crap like that they’ll literally have to break the door down and drag me out in handcuffs.

huxleypiggles
2 years ago
Reply to  Matt Dalby

You will clearly be left in a ‘chill and bear it’ situation. 😀

RTSC
RTSC
2 years ago

” The way we heat our homes is changing.
As the world moves away from fossil fuels…..”

Two statements it then goes on to explain not only AREN’T happening, but aren’t going to happen.

  1. The vast majority are not changing the way they heat their homes
  2. The world isn’t moving away from fossil fuels. China, India, USA, Germany and others are increasing the amount of fossil fuels they burn.

I suppose we should derive some satisfaction that the BBC has very belatedly woken up to the fact that the only “plan” in place is to destroy our energy supply – with no plan whatsoever to find an acceptable, practical, cost-effective alternative.

For a fist full of roubles

For a large part of the world fossils fuels are a dream; they have to make do with sticks and dung.
For a large part of the Western world they rely on the make-believe of independence from fossil fuels by out-sourcing their use to China and India.

CHRIS
CHRIS
2 years ago

In my business I meet a lot of central heating/”hot” water heat pump owners, most are very unimpressed with their tens of thousands of pounds noisy and unreliable “investment.” The general consensus is they’re utter crap. The few people I do meet who say they are happy eventually concede that their electric bill is through the roof and that the heat pump can break down at the most inopportune times. That said, I’ve also met one or two people who have wall mounted heat pump/air conditioning combo units that don’t need the bulky outdoor unit and are not plumbed into the central heating radiators. The wall mounted units are cheap and work well. Great for small houses and flats. Their only drawback is they only heat (and cool) individual rooms and they don’t heat the hot water. You’d still need an electric water heater for hot water. Bear in mind, though, that in a gas combi boiler heated house less than 10% of the energy used is for hot running water and cooking. The vast majority of energy used is for heating. If our lunatic lefty political parties (including our so-called “Conservative” Party) do insist on banning gas boilers by… Read more »

varmint
2 years ago

I hate to keep repeating myself. But I suppose not everyone reads every single comment, so I am going to repeat myself once more. ——-This article is asking “Are heat pumps really the answer”? ——-Well who better to ask you would think than the Minister for Energy Security and Net Zero Grant Schapps. ——-He was asked about 2 weeks ago on GB News this very question —-“Are Heat Pumps any good”? —-His reply was “I don’t know, but I am having one fitted in my house so I will find out soon”. ———–Can you all see how utterly preposterous this is? I was always taught things like “don’t leave your job until you have another one lined up”. These blithering idiot politicians like Schapps who cannot tell you if heat pumps are any good or not would according to this way of thinking just leave his job whether he had another one lined up or not. ——Who in their right mind would fob the 23 million households that have gas central heating with heat pumps but not know if they are any good? ——The answer is Eco Socialist politicians who use ideology to trump common sense and then blackmail us… Read more »

JXB
JXB
2 years ago

I read elsewhere that new regulations will require heat pumps to be installed at a minimum distance from other dwellings due to noise nuisance (particularly when they are working hard on a cold night) and so will require planning permission.

There will be many properties, such as terraced houses where planning permission will not be given. So with what will gas boilers be replaced?

Another well thought-out Government Net Zero policy.